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| Reference | Name | Listed building | Geometry | Description | Notes | Organisation | Uprns | Entry date | Start date | End date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C624 | AMBERLEY CASTLE CHURCH STREET AMBERLEY |
1005888 Missing associated entity |
MULTIPOLYGON (((-0.540026 50.909403,-0.540206 50.909404,-0.540517 50.909318,-0.540934 50.909254,-0.541018 50.909228,-0.541073 50.909195,-0.541048 50.908886,-0.541054 50.908886,-0.541052 50.908851,-0.541107 50.908758,-0.541104 50.908701,-0.540482 50.908669,-0.539787 50.908619,-0.539684 50.909288,-0.540034 50.909293,-0.540026 50.909403))) | SUMMARY OF MONUMENT: Amberley Castle is a bishop's residence of early C13 origins, with a significant late-C14 phase of fortification, and subsequent phases of alteration. The monument stands to the west of Amberley village, and to the immediate west of the parish church. The inhabited parts of the monument are excluded from the scheduling, as are various modern elements within the site, however the ground beneath all of them is included within the scheduling. Exclusions are detailed at the end of this entry. Amberley Castle, a bishop's residence founded in the early C13 and fortified in the C14, is scheduled for the following principal reasons: * Rarity: the site represents a rare example of a medieval fortified bishop's residence; * Survival: the substantial C14 curtain wall and upstanding early-C13 and C14 fabric within it (some of which is excluded from the scheduling for management reasons) represents a good level of survival; * Historic interest: the monument is illustrative of the high status of bishop's residences in the medieval period, the varying status of spaces within this type of complex, and the fashion for aggrandising earlier domestic complexes through fortification; * Archaeological potential: there is good archaeological potential for buried remains of structures, features and artefacts associated with both the early C13 manor and its subsequent C14 expansion and remodelling, as well as later periods, increasing our understanding of the physical characteristics and nature of the buildings, the status of the site, and its evolution; * Group value: the site has group value with the adjacent Norman and C13 Parish Church of St Michael and All Angels, listed Grade I, to the immediate east, and the substantial former barn at Castle Farm, listed Grade II (now converted to a private house) to the immediate west. HISTORY: The site now known as Amberley Castle began as a manor house belonging to the Bishops of Chichester. There is disagreement between sources as to whether the earliest substantive phase of the standing monument is C12, or early C13. For the purpose of this Scheduling Entry, the early-C13 date will be used. The early-C13 fabric, though altered through subsequent phases of remodelling, forms a substantial element of the inhabited part of the monument, and stands in the south-east corner of the present castle. Bishop William Rede gained a licence to crenellate in 1377, and between this date and at least 1382, built much of the castle as it now stands, including the curtain wall, gatehouse (S) and garderobe tower (N). The Great Hall, at right angles to the early-C13 hall, is believed to date from the first half of the C14, predating the fortification. Part of this hall survives within the occupied part of the building, but much survives only as a ruin. There are at least seven building phases contained within the monument, including one between 1508-36, associated with the occupancy of Bishop Sherburne, the last bishop to occupy the castle (it being leased thereafter until 1872). The castle was slighted in 1643 by General Waller, on account of the Royalist sympathies of the tenant, but the upper walls were subsequently restored and recrenellated. The surviving occupied parts have gone through more recent phases of remodelling, including a major phase in the late 1920s. The castle was converted to a hotel in the late 1980s, when various further works were undertaken to both the inhabited, and uninhabited parts of the castle. INVESTIGATION HISTORY: Amberley Castle is included in A Emery's The Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, volume 3 (2006). The entry provides a valuable overview of the monument's evolution, and an interpretation of standing fabric. The monument was studied by W. D. Peckham in the 1920s, when works for its 'reconditioning' exposed fabric-based evidence. In 1996, two ponds were dug approximately 170m to the south of the castle. A watching brief was carried out (by Southern Archaeology), and in an area cleared for soil tipping two stone spreads were identified, thought to be hardcore from the curtain wall foundations. A ditch was also found, and although it contained pieces of Roman brick, its date was uncertain. DETAILS: A bishop's residence of early C13 origins, with a significant late-C14 phase of fortification, and subsequent phases of alteration. MATERIALS: sandstone PLAN: the built extent of the monument is defined by the C14 curtain wall, which in plan takes the form of an irregular quadrangle, with the main entrance to the centre of the south side. There are two projections on the north side: one for garderobes, and another larger one, believed to be the site of the kitchen. The curtain wall is ashlar, approximately 13m high; to the north and west sides the wall stands on sandstone approximately 4m high. Within the NE, NW and SW corners of the curtain wall were inwardly projecting square towers, of which only that in the NW corner stands (although remnants of the others may survive below ground). GATE TOWER AND SOUTH WALL: the gate tower comprises a square, inwardly projecting, tower with castellated parapet, flanked by two semi-circular outwardly-projecting towers of approximately 18m in height, with arrow loops and also with castellated parapets. At the base of the gate tower is a four-centred carriage arch with chamfered jambs and a portcullis groove; on the inner side of the tower buttresses flank the arch.The south wall appears to have been largely blind, although there is a pair of balistrariae to the west of the gate tower, and later windows inserted to the east of the gate tower. Outside the south wall of the castle is a dry moat which never had a draw-bridge, and there is no evidence to suggest the moat ever extended around the sides of the castle. The moat is approximately 12m across; the north bank is approximately 1.5m high, and the south bank is approximately 2.5m high. A land bridge across the moat leads up to the gate tower. To the east side of the bridge the bottom of the moat has been landscaped to create a sunken croquet lawn. The stretch of moat to the west of the bridge has not been formalised and is just grassed. NORTH, EAST AND WEST WALLS: in the centre of the north wall is the small rectangular projection for the garderobes, and to the west the large rectangular projection which was the kitchen. The north wall has balistrariae and pointed windows, with paired trefoil-headed lights; there are also doorways, fireplaces and in some places remains of the crenellation with a parapet walk behind it. In the east and west walls are various door and window openings, those in the south-east corner being of varying age and design (including several arrow loops) and lighting the inhabited part of the monument. The window and chimney openings to the north and west indicate that internally the walls were lined with two-storey lodgings and service rooms of varying status (some heated, some not). WITHIN THE CURTAIN WALL: the north wall of the later Great Hall survives as a ruin. Running east to west it marks the lower end of the hall. It has three pointed archways which gave access to the buttery and pantry to either side, and the kitchen through the centre. Above the arches is the lower part of a large hall window. The wall returns slightly to the north, indicating the side walls of the buttery and pantry, and returns to the south at the west end, with the west doorway of the cross-passage surviving. Weathered head corbels flank the doorway, one from the east doorway also survives, and several survive in the inner corners of the hall. The tower in the north-west corner of the curtain wall is largely unrestored (although internally floors have been reinstated, and an external stair built to give access). To the west of the entrance gate tower, running parallel with the south wall is a stretch of wall which is a single storey high and has a number of door and window openings; the wall is believed to be contemporary to the curtain wall and will have enclosed some form of lodging. From within the space contained by th0001 | 100061798533 | 2014-09-26 | 1915-02-08 | |||
| C786A | BARN AT PYTHINGDEAN FARM HOUSE COOMBELANDS LANE |
298546 Missing associated entity |
MULTIPOLYGON (((-0.521040 50.974121,-0.520993 50.974045,-0.520909 50.974066,-0.520792 50.973866,-0.520704 50.973887,-0.520866 50.974162,-0.521040 50.974121))) | DESCRIPTION: The barn is constructed of dressed stone to the external elevations, roughly-coursed rubble stone within, and with a hipped, slate roof. There are dressed stone quoins at the barn's corners and to the recessions at the centre of each of the long elevations, where there would originally have been full-height double-doors. There are now smaller double-doors with modern brick jambs on the eastern elevation; the doors to the west are now infilled with breeze blocks. Original to the barn (they appear on the tithe map) are two perpendicular ranges to the north and south, forming a small yard to the west of the main barn. That to the north has a part lean-to, part half-hipped roof, and a doorway with a dressed keystone and lintel facing east; further to the north is a later extension of the 1960's. That to the south also comprises a lean-to and a range with a half-hipped roof, both with dressed stone walls. The southern range running perpendicular to the barn hae been refurbished inside. Inside the main barn, the timber roof trusses have been renewed and there have been various repairs and infill of former openings. HISTORY: The barn originally formed part of the estate of the neighbouring house, now known as Pythingdean Farm House. The barn appears on the tithe map for the area of 1841 and on later Ordnance Survey maps. Pythingdean Farm House is C17 in origin, with a Georgian range to the south-east and outbuildings of various dates. Pythingdean House is a much later building, dating to the second half of the C20, which lacks special interest. The barn has been in the same ownership as Pythingdean House since 1968. At around this time an extension was added to the north of the barn and alterations made to the interior. In the 2000's, a single storey extension was constructed in the area to the west of the barn, abutting its western elevation. Neither of these extensions have special interest. REASONS FOR DESIGNATION: The barn at Pythingdean is listed at Grade II for the following principal reasons: age and rarity: late C18 or early C19 date, appearing on the 1841 tithe map. group value: the neighbouring Grade II-listed farmhouse and the barn form a strong historic group within the setting of the agricultural landscape with which they are traditionally associated. | 2004-02-16 | 1980-05-09 | ||||
| LB/0011 | Rudgwick Barn and attached cow byres. |
1495217 Missing associated entity |
MULTIPOLYGON (((-0.474937 51.058908,-0.474728 51.058906,-0.474727 51.059004,-0.474509 51.059001,-0.474504 51.059174,-0.474607 51.059175,-0.474614 51.059035,-0.474775 51.059033,-0.474775 51.058939,-0.474985 51.058941,-0.474988 51.058855,-0.474937 51.058854,-0.474937 51.058908))) | Threshing barn with cow byres. Mid C16 barn, the southern end adapted in the early C18 to form cow byres with attached cow byres dating from the C18 to the south west. MATERIALS: The barn is timber-framed, clad in weatherboarding on a stone rubble plinth, partly replaced in brick and concrete, except for the south wall which is of regularly coursed rubblestone blocks with red brick dressings patched with some English bond brickwork. Hipped roof with gablets at each end, carried down to a low eaves above the single aisle on the west side, clad in C20 maching made clay tiles but earlier roof tiled or more probably thatched. The cow byres are also timber framed, clad in weatherboarding with hipped tiled roofs. PLAN: Barn of five bays with a slightly shorter bay at the south end, aisled to the west. The cow byres are attached to the south end of the barn in a zig-zag formation. EXTERIOR: The west side of the barn has a central cart entrance with C20 ledged and braced double doors. The east side, which originally had the full-height cart entrance, has had this filled-in and replaced by a small C20 plank door. There is a further door to the extreme south. The north end has had a later fixed casement inserted without damaging the wall frame. The south end has a lean-to added probably in the early C18, the external wall rebuilt in regularly coursed and dressed small rubblestone blocks with red brick dressings above a rubblestone plinth. A section of this wall has later been rebuilt in English bond brickwork. INTERIOR: The barn has upright posts and aisle posts which are jowled. The wall frame to the east side has a mid-rail with three studs between the wall posts and curved braces above the mid-rail. The north end wall retains its original framing intact, apart from one replacement stud, and has a massive mid-rail with large curved braces to the corner and end aisle post. There is a centre wall post with studs morticed to the mid-rail on each side. The studwork beneath the wall-plate to the external west wall is mainly original to the north of the cart entrance but has been replaced to the south. The western aisle is supported on five aisle posts on padstones, all reused from and earlier structure, with slightly curved braces to the arcade plate. The internal south wall was modified in the early C18 when the southern end was adapted as a cow byre, but much of the original timber from this was reused, including curved braces. The roof structure has four full trusses as the southern end was truncated when it was converted into a cow byre. Each truss has curved braces from the wall-posts to the tie beams, mainly original, and all trusses except the northern one have angled queen struts to the clasped purlins. All the rafters are original. The southern cattle byre has a weatherboarded north wall with some wide planks and a wooden stall partition. SUBSIDIARY BUILDINGS: The attached cow byres to the south west have wall frames with thin scantling, partitions with diagonal braces, roof structures including angles queen-struts and some wooden hay racks survive. STATEMENT OF IMPORTANCE: A substantially intact mid C16 aisled timber-framed threshing barn, reusing earlier aisleposts, the southern bay adapted to form a cow byre in the earlt C18. Attached cow byres at the south end date from the C18. This structure is part of a good farm group. | 100061800440 | 2006-08-17 | 2006-08-11 |
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